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Tuesday

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1 Muharram

The month of Muharram is the month of sadness for the Ahl al-Bayt (ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…) and their followers. In this respect, Imam al-Rida (ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…) is reported to have said, "With the beginning of Muharram, my father (ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…) would never smile at all. He would be dominated by depression for ten days. The tenth of this month would be the day of his misfortune, sadness, and weeping. He used to say that on this day Imam al-Husayn (ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…) was slain."

THE FIRST NIGHT OF MUHARRAM

Sayyid Ibn Tawus, in Iqbal al-Aโ€™mal, has mentioned that a number of prayers should be advisably offered at this night:
100 rakaat prayer
A one hundred unit prayer with Surahs al-Fฤtiแธฅah and al-Tawแธฅฤซd.
2 rakaat prayer
A two unit prayer at the first of which Surahs al-Fatehah and al-Anโ€™am (No. 6) are recited and at the second unit Surahs al-Fฤtiแธฅah and Yasin (No. 36).
2 rakaat prayer
A two unit prayer at each of which Surah al-Fฤtiแธฅah is recited once and Surah al-Tawแธฅฤซd is repeated eleven times is offered. The Holy Prophet (ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…) is reported to have said that whoever offers this prayer at this night and observes fasting the next day, which is the first day in the year, the year will be wholly good for him, and he will be saved throughout the year, and if he dies, he will be allowed Paradise. Sayyid Ibn Tawus has also mentioned a lengthy supplication to be recited at the sight of the new moon of Muharram.

THE FIRST DAY OF MUHARRAM

There are two acts that are recommended on the first day of Muharram:
Fast
It is recommended to observe fasting on this day. Rayyan ibn Shabib has reported that Imam al-Rida (ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…) said, โ€œJust as He responded to the prayer of Prophet Zachariah, Almighty Allah shall respond the prayer of one who observes fasting on this day and prays Him.โ€
2 rakaat prayer
Imam al-Rida (ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…) is reported to have said that the Holy Prophet (ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…), on the first of Muharram, used to offer a two unit prayer. When he finished, he would raise his hands towards the heavens and repeat the following supplication three times:
ุงูŽู„ู„ู‘ูฐู‡ูู…ู‘ูŽ ุงูŽู†ู’ุชูŽ ุงู„ู’ุงูู„ูŽู‡ู ุงู„ู’ู‚ูŽุฏููŠู…ู ูˆูŽ ู‡ูŽุฐูู‡ู ุณูŽู†ูŽุฉูŒ ุฌูŽุฏููŠุฏูŽุฉูŒ ููŽุงูŽุณู’ุงูŽู„ููƒูŽ ูููŠู‡ูŽุง ุงู„ู’ุนูุตู’ู…ูŽุฉูŽ ู…ูู†ูŽ ุงู„ุดู‘ูŽูŠู’ุทูŽุงู†ู ูˆูŽ ุงู„ู’ู‚ููˆู‘ูŽุฉูŽ ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ู‡ูŽุฐูู‡ู ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽูู’ุณู ุงู„ู’ุงูŽู…ู‘ูŽุงุฑูŽุฉู ุจูุงู„ุณู‘ููˆุกู ูˆูŽ ุงู„ุงุดู’ุชูุบูŽุงู„ูŽ ุจูู…ูŽุง ูŠูู‚ูŽุฑู‘ูุจูู†ููŠ ุงูู„ูŽูŠู’ูƒูŽ ูŠูŽุง ูƒูŽุฑููŠู…ู ูŠูŽุง ุฐูŽุง ุงู„ู’ุฌูŽู„ุงู„ู ูˆูŽ ุงู„ู’ุงููƒู’ุฑูŽุงู…ู ูŠูŽุง ุนูู…ูŽุงุฏูŽ ู…ูŽู†ู’ ู„ุง ุนูู…ูŽุงุฏูŽ ู„ูŽู‡ู ูŠูŽุง ุฐูŽุฎููŠุฑูŽุฉูŽ ู…ูŽู†ู’ ู„ุง ุฐูŽุฎููŠุฑูŽุฉูŽ ู„ูŽู‡ู ูŠูŽุง ุญูุฑู’ุฒูŽ ู…ูŽู†ู’ ู„ุง ุญูุฑู’ุฒูŽ ู„ูŽู‡ู ูŠูŽุง ุบููŠูŽุงุซูŽ ู…ูŽู†ู’ ู„ุง ุบููŠูŽุงุซูŽ ู„ูŽู‡ู ูŠูŽุง ุณูŽู†ูŽุฏูŽ ู…ูŽู†ู’ ู„ุง ุณูŽู†ูŽุฏูŽ ู„ูŽู‡ู ูŠูŽุง ูƒูŽู†ู’ุฒูŽ ู…ูŽู†ู’ ู„ุง ูƒูŽู†ู’ุฒูŽ ู„ูŽู‡ู ูŠูŽุง ุญูŽุณูŽู†ูŽ ุงู„ู’ุจูŽู„ุงุกู ูŠูŽุง ุนูŽุธููŠู…ูŽ ุงู„ุฑู‘ูŽุฌูŽุงุกู ูŠูŽุง ุนูุฒู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุถู‘ูุนูŽููŽุงุกู ูŠูŽุง ู…ูู†ู’ู‚ูุฐูŽ ุงู„ู’ุบูŽุฑู’ู‚ูŽู‰ ูŠูŽุง ู…ูู†ู’ุฌููŠูŽ ุงู„ู’ู‡ูŽู„ู’ูƒูŽู‰ ูŠูŽุง ู…ูู†ู’ุนูู…ู ูŠูŽุง ู…ูุฌู’ู…ูู„ู ูŠูŽุง ู…ููู’ุถูู„ู ูŠูŽุง ู…ูุญู’ุณูู†ูุŒ ุงูŽู†ู’ุชูŽ ุงู„ู‘ูŽุฐููŠ ุณูŽุฌูŽุฏูŽ ู„ูŽูƒูŽ ุณูŽูˆูŽุงุฏู ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽูŠู’ู„ู ูˆูŽ ู†ููˆุฑู ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽู‡ูŽุงุฑู ูˆูŽ ุถูŽูˆู’ุกู ุงู„ู’ู‚ูŽู…ูŽุฑู ูˆูŽ ุดูุนูŽุงุนู ุงู„ุดู‘ูŽู…ู’ุณู ูˆูŽ ุฏูŽูˆููŠู‘ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุงุกู ูˆูŽ ุญูŽูููŠูู ุงู„ุดู‘ูŽุฌูŽุฑู ูŠูŽุง ุงู„ู„ู‘ูฐู‡ู ู„ุง ุดูŽุฑููŠูƒูŽ ู„ูŽูƒูŽ ุงูŽู„ู„ู‘ูฐู‡ูู…ู‘ูŽ ุงุฌู’ุนูŽู„ู’ู†ูŽุง ุฎูŽูŠู’ุฑุง ู…ูู…ู‘ูŽุง ูŠูŽุธูู†ู‘ููˆู†ูŽ ูˆูŽ ุงุบู’ููุฑู’ ู„ูŽู†ูŽุง ู…ูŽุง ู„ุง ูŠูŽุนู’ู„ูŽู…ููˆู†ูŽ ูˆูŽ ู„ุง ุชูุคูŽุงุฎูุฐู’ู†ูŽุง ุจูู…ูŽุง ูŠูŽู‚ููˆู„ููˆู†ูŽ ุญูŽุณู’ุจููŠูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‘ูฐู‡ู ู„ุง ุงูู„ูŽู‡ูŽ ุงูู„ุง ู‡ููˆูŽ ุนูŽู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ู ุชูŽูˆูŽูƒู‘ูŽู„ู’ุชู ูˆูŽ ู‡ููˆูŽ ุฑูŽุจู‘ู ุงู„ู’ุนูŽุฑู’ุดู ุงู„ู’ุนูŽุธููŠู…ู ุขู…ูŽู†ู‘ูŽุง ุจูู‡ู ูƒูู„ู‘ูŒ ู…ูู†ู’ ุนูู†ู’ุฏู ุฑูŽุจู‘ูู†ูŽุง ูˆูŽ ู…ูŽุง ูŠูŽุฐู‘ูŽูƒู‘ูŽุฑู ุงูู„ุง ุงููˆู„ููˆุง ุงู„ู’ุงูŽู„ู’ุจูŽุงุจู ุฑูŽุจู‘ูŽู†ูŽุง ู„ุง ุชูุฒูุบู’ ู‚ูู„ููˆุจูŽู†ูŽุง ุจูŽุนู’ุฏูŽ ุงูุฐู’ ู‡ูŽุฏูŽูŠู’ุชูŽู†ูŽุง ูˆูŽ ู‡ูŽุจู’ ู„ูŽู†ูŽุง ู…ูู†ู’ ู„ูŽุฏูู†ู’ูƒูŽ ุฑูŽุญู’ู…ูŽุฉู‹ ุงูู†ู‘ูŽูƒูŽ ุงูŽู†ู’ุชูŽ ุงู„ู’ูˆูŽู‡ู‘ูŽุงุจู